Department of Chemistry- Industrial Chemistry Laboratory: Postgraduate Studies Programme
Catalysis and its Applications in the Industry
Courses of the Postgraduate Study Programme
|
1st SEMESTER | |||
| Compulsory Courses | Teaching (hrs/Semester) | ECTS | |
| Catalysis: Principles and Industrial Applications | 52 | 10 | |
| Principles of Homogeneous Catalysis | 52 | 10 | |
| Introduction to Biocatalysis | 52 | 10 | |
| Total | 30 | ||
| 2nd SEMESTER | |||
| Optional Courses (required 3 from 6) | Teaching (hrs/Semester) | ECTS | |
| Catalysis with Clusters | 52 | 10 | |
| Environmentally friendly Chemistry: Biphasic Catalysis | 52 | 10 | |
| Environmentally Friendly Chemistry: Photocatalysis | 52 | 10 | |
| Catalytic Reactions for the Synthesis and Modification of Polymers | 52 | 10 | |
| Applied Catalysis in Biorefineries | 52 | 10 | |
| Advanced Organic Synthesis for Catalysis | 52 | 10 | |
| Total | 30 | ||
|
3rd SEMESTER | |||
| | ECTS* | ||
| Master Thesis | 30* | ||
| Total | 30* | ||
CATALYSIS: PRINCIPLES AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
Course content: Basic concepts: main types of catalytic systems, catalytic activity, selectivity/atom economy, life time of catalysts, active catalytic sites. Comparison of homogeneous with heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis. Green Chemistry and Sustainable Chemistry. Principles of Green Chemistry. Mechanisms of homogeneous catalytic processes proved by experimental and theoretical studies. Mechanisms of heterogeneously catalyzed processes. Unit processes. Oil refinery processes: catalytic cracking, hydrotreating, Merox process, hydrocracking, catalytic reforming, alkylation, isomerization, elemental sulfur recovery (Claus process) etc. Manufacture of alternative fuels from non-renewable raw materials: production of gasoline from methanol by the MTG process and from synthesis gas by the route of the Fischer-Tropsch process. Industrial applications of heterogeneous catalysis: dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene process, hydrogenation of nitrogen to ammonia, synthesis of methanol, ethylene epoxidation to ethylene oxide, ethylene oxidation to acetaldehyde (Wacker process) etc. Applied industrial homogeneous catalysis: hydroformylation of olefins (Shell, LPO, RCH/RP processes), carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid (Monsanto, Cativa processes), hydrocarboxylation of olefins etc. Asymmetric catalysis: enantioselective hydrogenation of prochiral olefins for the industrial production of L-dopa (Monsanto process) and enantioselective isomerization for the manufacture of L-menthol (Takasago process). The Boots-Hoechst Celanese green process for the production of the non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drug ibuprofen. White biotechnology: enzymatic catalytic hydrolysis of starch to glucose and enzymatic isomerization of glucose to fructose. Biorefineries: production of biodiesel 1st generation by transesterification reactions and of biodiesel 2nd generation by the hydrotreating route from renewable vegetable oils. Catalytic conversions of renewable carbohydrates to manufacture advanced biofuels, bio-based alternative chemicals and new biomaterials. Drop-in biofuels and chemical products. Automotive ThreeWay Catalysts, (TWCs), first up to fourth generation, for Otto engines. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) for the NOx emissions control from vehicles with Diesel engines, from industrial units and energy production plants.
Literature:
1) G. Papadogianakis, Course notes «Catalysis: Principles and Industrial Applications», Postgraduate Studies Programme «Catalysis and its Applications in the Industry», Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrial University of Athens, Athens 2021 (305 pages).
2) R.A. van Santen, P.W.N.M. van Leeuwen, J.A. Moulijn, B.A. Averill (Editors), “Catalysis: An Integrated Approach”, Second, Revised and Enlarged Edition, Netherlands Institute for Catalysis Research (NIOK), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1999.
3) B. Cornils, W.A. Herrmann, M. Beller, R. Paciello, (Editors), “Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds: A Comprehensive Handbook in Four Volumes”, 3rd Ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018.
4) B. Kamm, P.R. Gruber, M. Kamm (Editors), Biorefineries-Industrial Processes and Products: Status Quo and Future Directions, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2010.
5) A. Pandey, R. Höfer, M. Taherzadeh, M. Nampoothiri, Ch. Larroche (Editors), Industrial Biorefineries & White Biotechnology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2015.
6) J. M. Thomas, W.J. Thomas, “Principles and Practice of Heterogeneous Catalysis”, VCH, Weinheim, 1997.
7) J.A. Moulijn, M. Makkee, A. van Diepen, “Chemical Process Technology”, Wiley-VCH, Chichester, 2001.
8) G. Rothenberg, “Catalysis: Concepts and Green Applications”, 2nd Edition, Wiley-VCH, 2017.
9) U. Hanefeld, L. Lefferts (Editors), “Catalysis: An Integrated Textbook for Students” Netherlands Institute for Catalysis Research (NIOK), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018.
10) M. R. Cesario, D.A. de Macedo (Editors), “Heterogeneous Catalysis: Materials and Applications”, 1st Edition, Elsevier, 2022.
PRINCIPLES OF HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Course content: Metal-carbon and metal-hydrogen bonds (metal-alkyls, -carbenes, -carbynes, -carbides, -hydrides, π-complexes) – formation and chemical reactivity. Homogeneous catalysis. Complexation and activation of substrates. Oxidative addition – reductive elimination. Insertion reactions. Olefin hydrogenation. Catalytic reactions of synthesis gas (hydroformylation, hydrocarboxylation, carbonylation). Polymerization, co-polymerization, cyclo-oligomerization of unsaturated substrates. Catalytic functionalization of unsaturated polymers (oxidation, epoxidation, hydrosilylation). Examples of industrial homogenous catalytic reactions.
Literature:
1) Κ. Μertis, P. Paraskevopoulou, S. Koinis, Course notes.
2) B. Cornils, W.A. Herrmann, M. Beller, R. Paciello, (Editors), “Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds: A Comprehensive Handbook in Four Volumes”, 3rd Ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018.
3) G.W. Parshall, S. D. Ittel, Homogeneous Catalysis: The Applications and Chemistry of Catalysis by Soluble Transition Metal Complexes, Wiley, New York, 1992.
4) A. Mortreux, F. Petit (Eds.) Industrial Applications of Homogeneous Catalysis, D. Riedel Publishing Comp. Dordrecht, 1988.
5) S. Bhaduri, D. Mukesh, Homogeneous Catalysis: Mechanisms and Industrial Application, Wiley, New York, 2000.
6) U. Hanefeld, L. Lefferts (Editors), “Catalysis: An Integrated Textbook for Students” Netherlands Institute for Catalysis Research (NIOK), Wiley, 2018.
7) R.R. Schrock, Multiple metal-carbon bonds for catalytic metathesis reactions (Nobel Lecture), Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3748-3759.doi: 10.1002/anie.200600085.
8) R.H. Grubbs, Olefin-metathesis catalysts for the preparation of molecules and materials (Nobel Lecture), Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3760-3765. doi: 10.1002/anie.200600680.
9) K.J. Ivin, J.C. Mol, Olefin Metathesis and Metathesis Polymerization; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 1997.
10) V. Dragutan, R. Streck, Catalytic Polymerization of Cycloolefins: Ionic, Ziegler-Natta and Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization; Elsevier: Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2000.
INTRODUCTION TO BIOCATALYSIS
Course content: Principles of biocatalysis. Structure, thermodynamic and kinetic stability of enzymes, and their catalytic mechanism. Advantages of biocatalysis over chemical catalysis. Structure – catalytic reactivity relationships of metalloenzymes. Artificial metalloenzymes by insertion of metal ions into proteins and investigation of their properties. Biocatalysis and synthetic organic chemistry. Enzymatic synthesis of optically pure organic compounds. Enzymatic catalysis in organic solvents. Enzymatic synthesis of optically pure amino-acids, and use of enzymes in the synthesis of peptides. Industrial applications of biocatalysis in the synthesis of drugs and fine chemicals. Synthesis of chemicals by environmentally friendly biotechnological processes. Biocatalytic methods for the production of chemicals from biomass. Biocatalysis and the environment: Biodegradation of pollutants by the use of enzymes or bacteria. Removal of toxic metals / radionuclides, desulfurization of petrol fractions, and cleanup of oil spills by biotechnological methods.
Literature:
1) J. Reedijk and Bouman, (Eds.), “Bioinorganic Catalysis”, Second Edition, Marcel Dekker, 1990.
2) Bertini, Gray, Lippart, Vallentine, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Un.Sc. Books, 1994.
3) M. Sinnot, (Ed.), Comprehensive Biological Catalysis, Academic Press, 1998.
4) Enzyme Nomenclature, International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1992.
5) R. Eisenthal and M. Danson, Enzyme Assays, 1996.
6) S. Wu, R. Snajdrova, J.C. Moore, K. Baldenius, U.T. Bornscheuer, “Biocatalysis: Enzymatic Synthesis for Industrial Applications”, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 60 (2021) 88-120.
7) U. Hanefeld, L. Lefferts (Editors), “Catalysis: An Integrated Textbook for Students” Netherlands Institute for Catalysis Research (NIOK), Wiley, 2018.
CATALYSIS WITH CLUSTERS
Course content: Clusters with metal-metal bonds. Nature and properties of metal-metal bonds. Chemical reactivity. Comparison of clusters with solid surfaces. Giant clusters and molecules. Colloids. Applications of clusters in synthesis and catalysis – activation of inert molecules (alkanes, CO2, N2), ROMP reaction, polymerization and cyclo-oligomerization of alkynes.
Literature:
1) Κ. Μertis, P. Paraskevopoulou, S. Koinis, Course notes.
2) F.A. Cotton, G.W. Wilkinson, C.A. Murillo, M. Bochman, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 6th eds., Wiley-Interscience, 1999.
3) R.H. Crabtree, The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, 2nd Edition, John Wiley, New York, 2000.
4) R.D. Adams and F.A. Cotton, Catalysis by Di- and Polynuclear Metal Cluster Complexes, Wiley-VCH, 1998.
5) B. Cornils, W.A. Herrmann, M. Beller, R. Paciello, (Editors), “Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds: A Comprehensive Handbook in Four Volumes”, 3rd Ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018.
6) U. Hanefeld, L. Lefferts (Editors), “Catalysis: An Integrated Textbook for Students” Netherlands Institute for Catalysis Research (NIOK), Wiley, 2018.
7) M. R. Cesario, D.A. de Macedo (Editors), “Heterogeneous Catalysis: Materials and Applications”, 1st Edition, Elsevier, 2022.
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CHEMISTRY: BIPHASIC CATALYSIS
Course content: Principles of catalysis in aqueous/organic, fluorous/organic, ionic liquids/organic two-phase systems and in supercritical fluids. Water-soluble transition metal catalytic complexes. Industrial catalytic processes in aqueous/organic two-phase systems: i) the Ruhrchemie/Rhône-Poulenc (RCH/RP) process for the hydroformylation of lower olefins, ii) the Rhône-Poulenc process for the alkylation of myrcene to geranylacetone, an intermediate in the manufacture of vitamin E, iii) the Kuraray process for the hydrodimerization of 1,3-butadiene to produce 1,9-nonanediol or 1-octanol. Hydroformylation of mid range and higher olefins. Catalysis in micellar systems. Monophasic catalysis with biphasic catalyst separation and recycling. Principles of thermoregulated phase transfer catalysis, phase transfer catalysis (PTC) and counter phase transfer catalysis (CPTC). Supported aqueous phase catalysis (SAP). Hydroformylation of internal olefins. Hydroformylation of functionalized α-olefins. Hydrocarboxylation of olefins. Carbonylation of alcohols and halides. Hydrogenation of simple olefins, allylic systems and carbonyl compounds. Hydrogenation of renewable platform chemicals and polyunsaturated methyl esters of vegetable oils. Enantioselective hydrogenation of prochiral olefins. Hydrogenation of CO2. Heck-, Suzuki- and Stille-type couplings in aqueous media. Alternating copolymerization of olefins with carbon monoxide to produce polyketones (engineering thermoplastics) in aqueous/organic two-phase systems.
Literature:
1) G. Papadogianakis, Course notes «Environmentally friendly Chemistry: Biphasic Catalysis», Postgraduate Studies Programme «Catalysis and its Applications in the Industry», Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrial University of Athens, Athens 2021 (127 pages).
2) G. Papadogianakis, R.A. Sheldon, “Catalytic Conversions in Water: Environmentally Attractive Processes Employing Water Soluble Transition Metal Complexes’’, New J. Chem. 20 (1996) 175-185.
3) G. Papadogianakis, R.A. Sheldon, “Catalytic Conversions in Water. Part 7: Αn Environmentally Benign Concept for Heterogenization of Homogeneous Catalysis’’, Catalysis: Specialist Periodical Reports, Royal Society of Chemistry 13 (1997) 114-193.
4) G. Papadogianakis, R.A. Sheldon (Guest Editors), “Special issue on recent advances in catalysis in green aqueous media”, Catal. Today 247 (2015) 1-190.
5) B. Cornils, W.A. Herrmann (Editors), “Aqueous-Phase Organometallic Catalysis: Concepts and Applications”, Second, Completely Revised and Enlarged Edition, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2004.
6) I.T. Horváth, J. Rábai, “Facile Catalyst Separation Without Water: Fluorous Biphase Hydroformylation of Olefins” Science, 266 (1994) 72-75.
7) K.H. Shaughnessy, “Hydrophilic Ligands and Their Application in Aqueous-Phase Metal-Catalyzed Reactions”, Chem. Rev. 109 (2009) 643-710.
8) V.S. Shende, V.B. Saptal, B.M. Bhanage, “Recent Advances Utilized in the Recycling of Homogeneous Catalysis”, Chem. Rec. 19 (2019) 2022-2043.
9) T. Shen, S. Zhou, J. Ruan, X. Chen, X. Liu, X. Ge, C. Qian, “Recent advances on micellar catalysis in water”, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 287 (2021) 102299.
10) N. Yan, C. Xiao, Y. Kou, “Transition metal nanoparticle catalysis in green solvents”, Coord. Chem. Rev. 254 (2010) 1179–1218.
11) U. Hanefeld, L. Lefferts (Editors), “Catalysis: An Integrated Textbook for Students” Netherlands Institute for Catalysis Research (NIOK), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018.
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CHEMISTRY: PHOTOCATALYSIS
Course content: Principles of light's and matter's effect. Homogeneous photocatalytic proton transfer. Organic synthesis, synthesis of polymers by photosensitized electron transfer. Transition element complexes and homogeneous photocatalytic conversion of organic substrates. Water splitting from molecular to supramolecular photochemical systems. Organized systems and homogeneous photocatalysis. Photosynthesis, a physical model for photocatalysis.
Literature:
1) Ch. Mitsopoulou, Course notes «Environmentally friendly Chemistry: Photocatalysis», Postgraduate Studies Programme «Catalysis and its Applications in the Industry», Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrial University of Athens, Athens 2021 (42 pages).
2) M. Chanon, Homogeneous Photocatalysis, Wiley, New York, 1997.
3) N. Serpone, E. Pelizzeti, “Photocatalysis: Fundamentals and Applications”, Wiley, New York, 1989.
4) V.K. Yachandra, K. Sauer, M.P. Klein, “Manganese Cluster in Photosynthesis: Where Plants Oxidize Water to Dioxygen”, Chemical Reviews 96 (1996) 2927-2950.
5) Y. Nosaka, A. Nosaka, “Introduction to Photocatalysis: From Basic Science to Applications” 1st Edition, RSC, 2016.
6) J. Strunk (Editor), “Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: From Fundamentals to Applications in Energy Conversion and Depollution”, Wiley, 2021.
7) U. Hanefeld, L. Lefferts (Editors), “Catalysis: An Integrated Textbook for Students” Netherlands Institute for Catalysis Research (NIOK), Wiley, 2018.
8) M. R. Cesario, D.A. de Macedo (Editors), “Heterogeneous Catalysis: Materials and Applications”, 1st Edition, Elsevier, 2022.
9) J. Zhang, B. Tian, L. Wang, M. Xing, J. Lei, “Photocatalysis: Fundamentals, Materials and Applications”, Springer, 2018.
10) G. Rothenberg, “Catalysis: Concepts and Green Applications”, 2nd Edition, Wiley-VCH, 2017.
CATALYTIC REACTIONS FOR THE SYNTHESIS AND MODIFICATION OF POLYMERS
Course content: Heterogeneous catalytic systems. Ziegler-Natta catalysts: Synthesis and structure of catalysts. The role of the co-catalyst. Polymerization of olefins. The nature of active catalytic centers. Stereoselectivity of the catalysts. Mechanism of the polymerization. Homogeneous catalytic systems. Metallocene catalysts: Synthesis of the catalysts, electronic structure and properties. The function of the co-catalyst. Polymerization of ethylene (homopolymers and copolymers). Polymerization of propylene: stereo- and regio-selectivity, effect of the catalyst’s symmetry on the tacticity of polypropylene, mechanism of the polymerization. Polymerization of cycloolefins, styrene, (meth)acrylates and dienes: mechanism of the polymerization, effect of the catalyst’s symmetry on the microstructure of the produced polymers. Olefin polymerization with late transition metal complexes: Catalytic systems based on Pd and Ni, binuclear complexes of Mo and W. Mechanism of the polymerization. Side reactions during the polymerization. Heterogenization of catalysts: Techniques for the immobilization of catalysts onto polymeric substrates. Applications in the synthesis of polymers. Chemical modification of polymers: Hydrogenation of polydienes: homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems, effect of the nature of the polymeric substrate. Hydrosilylation of polydienes. Friedel-Crafts reactions for the chloromethylation and bromomethylation of polystyrene. Hydroformylation, hydrocarboxylation, oxidation and epoxidation of polydienes.
Literature:
1) M. Pitsikalis, Course notes «Catalytic Reactions for the Synthesis and Modification of Polymers», Postgraduate Studies Programme «Catalysis and its Applications in the Industry», Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrial University of Athens, Athens 2021 (95 pages).
2) W. Kuran, “Principles of Coordination Polymerization” Wiley, 2001
3) G.M. Benedikt, Editor, “Metallocene Technology in Commercial Applications” Plastics Design Library, 1999.
4) R.H. Crabtree, “The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals” Wiley, 2005.
5) U. Hanefeld, L. Lefferts (Editors), “Catalysis: An Integrated Textbook for Students” Netherlands Institute for Catalysis Research (NIOK), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018.
APPLIED CATALYSIS IN BIOREFINERIES
Course content: Definition and types of biorefineries. Comparison of biorefineries to petrochemical refineries. Contribution of biorefineries to environmental protection, to the independence of conventional fossil raw materials and to the Green-Sustainable development. Renewable biomass, vegetable oils, starch/carbohydrates, lignocellulose (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin). Advantages of biofuels in comparison to conventional fossil fuels. Industrial production of 1st generation biodiesel by the transesterification route of vegetable oils. European and ASTM standard specifications for 1st generation biodiesel fuel. Hydrotreating of vegetable oils for the industrial manufacture of 2nd generation biodiesel. Industrial production of the 1st generation biofuel bioethanol from carbohydrates and starch. Dehydration of bioethanol to ethylene. Manufacture of ethyl-t-butylether (ETBE). Production of 2nd generation biofuels from lignocellulose. Gasification of lignocellulose to obtain synthesis gas: manufacture of biomethanol, fabrication of biogasoline from biomethanol by the route MTG (Methanol To Gasoline), production of liquid biofuels BTL (Biomass To Liquids) from synthesis gas by the Fischer-Tropsch process, manufacturing of biofuels by biocatalytic synthesis gas fermentation, sustainable routes for the production of biohydrogen, aqueous phase reforming, manufacture of methyl-t-butylether (MTBE), production of olefins from biomethanol by the approach of MTO (Methanol To Olefins), manufacturing of propylene from biomethanol with the pathway of MTP (Methanol To Propene). Biocatalytic production of isobutene by fermentation of carbohydrates in aqueous media. Pyrolysis of lignocellulose to generate bio-oil. Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass in sub- and super-critical water. Catalytic hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose to obtain C6- and C5-carbohydrates for the production of the key building block chemicals i.e. platform chemicals highlighted in the extended list of DOE (US Department of Energy). Various catalytic conversions for the valorization of platform chemicals with their potential applications such as the manufacture of advanced biofuels, alternative bio-based value-added fine chemicals and materials. Valeric biofuels and P-series alternative type fuels. Novel catalytic routes for the manufacture of lower olefins from biomass and its downstream products. Hydrogenation of edible vegetable oils without formation of trans-fats. Hydrogenolysis of fatty acid methyl esters to their corresponding fatty alcohols. Production of 3rd and 4th generation biofuels. The very first three examples of petrochemical refineries converted into biorefineries.
Literature:
1) G. Papadogianakis, Course notes «Applied Catalysis in Biorefineries», Postgraduate Studies Programme «Catalysis and its Applications in the Industry», Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrial University of Athens, Athens 2021 (224 pages).
2) G. Papadogianakis, R.A. Sheldon, Y. Wu, D.Yu. Murzin (Guest Editors), “Aqueous-phase Catalytic Conversions of Renewable Feedstocks for Sustainable Biorefineries”, Frontiers in Chemistry, E-Book with 15 articles (2020) pp. 1-210, ISBN 978-2-88966-447-4.
3) G. Centi, R.A. van Santen (Editors), “Catalysis for Renewables: From Feedstock to Energy Production”, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2007.
4) P. Mäki-Arvela, B. Holmbom, T. Salmi, D.Yu. Murzin, “Recent progress in synthesis of fine and specialty chemicals from wood and other biomass by heterogeneous catalytic processes”, Catal. Rev. 49 (2007) 197-340.
5) P. Lanzafame, G. Centi, S. Perathoner, “Evolving Scenarios for Biorefineries and the Impact on Catalysis”, Catal. Today 234 (2014) 2-12.
6) P.R. Stuart, M.M. El-Halwagi (Editors), “Integrated Biorefineries: Design, Analysis, and Optimization“, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2013.
7) M. Aresta, A. Dibenedetto, F. Dumeignil (Editors), “Biorefinery: From Biomass to Chemicals and Fuels: Towards Circular Economy”, 2nd Ed., Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 2021.
8) B. Kamm, P.R. Gruber, M. Kamm (Editors), “Biorefineries-Industrial Processes and Products: Status Quo and Future Directions”, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2010.
9) A. Pandey, R. Höfer, M. Taherzadeh, M. Nampoothiri, Ch. Larroche (Editors), “Industrial Biorefineries & White Biotechnology”, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2015.
10) K. Triantafyllidis, A. Lappas, M. Stöcker (Editors), “The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Bio-fuels and Bio-chemicals”, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2013.
11) F. Frusteri, D. Aranda, G. Bonura (Editors), “Sustainable Catalysis for Biorefineries”, 1st edition, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018.
12) P. Sudarsanam, H. Li (Editors), “Advanced Catalysis for Drop-in Chemicals”, Elsevier, 2021.
ADVANCED ORGANIC SYNTHESIS FOR CATALYSIS
Course content: Principles of organometallic catalysts' reactivity and applications in Organic Synthesis - Olefin metathesis and applications in Organic Synthesis and Polymers Synthesis - Coupling reactions and their applications in Organic Synthesis: Buchwald-Hartwig, Heck, Sonogashira, Stille, Suzuki, and Tsuji-Trost. Organocatalysis: Definition - Historical Background - Enamine Activation - Iminium Ion Activation - Hydrogen Bonding Activation - Organocatalysis and Phase Transfer Catalysis - Applications in Chemical Industries – Carbene Catalysis - Combination of Activation Modes and Applications in Chemical Industry.
Literature:
1) B. Cornils, W.A. Herrmann, M. Beller, R. Paciello, (Editors), “Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds: A Comprehensive Handbook in Four Volumes”, 3rd Ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018.
2) R.H. Crabtree, “The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals”, Wiley-InterScience: Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2005.
3) R. H. Grubbs, “Handbook of Metathesis”, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2003.
4) E-i. Negishi, “Handbook of Organopalladium Chemistry for Organic Synthesis”, Wiley-VCH, New York, New York, USA, 2002.
5) J.J. Li, “Name Reactions: A Collection of Detailed Reaction Mechanisms”, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 2006.
6) M. Beller, C. Bolm, “Transition Metals for Organic Synthesis”, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2004.
7) J. Tsuji, “Transition Metal Reagents and Catalysts: Innovations in Organic Synthesis”, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK, 2000.
8) J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren, «Organic Chemistry I», 1st Edition, Translated into greek, Utopia Publishing, Αθήνα, 2016.
9) J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren, «Organic Chemistry II», 1st Edition, Translated into greek, Utopia Publishing, Αθήνα, 2018.
10) Ch. Kokotos, Course notes “Reactions in Organic Chemistry” 2008, (78 pages).
11) Ch. Kokotos, Course notes “Advanced Organic Chemistry: Organocatalysis” 2014, (84 pages).
12) G. Vougioukalakis, Course notes «Transion Metal Organometallic Catalysts in the Organic Synthesis» 2010, (121 pages).